Meningococcal Vaccine

Meningococcal disease stems from a type of bacteria known as Neisseria meningitidis. This bacteria, while not as contagious as the common cold or flu, can cause severe conditions such as meningitis—a dangerous inflammation of the brain and spinal cord linings—and life-threatening blood infections, particularly in children aged 2 to 18 in the U.S. The good news is that meningococcal disease is preventable with the meningococcal vaccine, which is crucial for safeguarding against this bacterial menace. Here’s what you need to know about the vaccine to protect yourself and your loved ones.

How Does Meningococcal Disease Spread and Who’s Most Vulnerable?

Meningococcal disease spreads through contact with infected respiratory and throat secretions, often via coughing, kissing, or sneezing. Close or prolonged contact with an infected person heightens the risk, making family members, caregivers, and college students in dormitories more susceptible.

Can the Meningococcal Vaccine Cause the Disease?

No, it can’t. There are four meningococcal vaccines available in the U.S., none containing live bacteria. Instead, they contain antigens, which trigger the body’s immune response to produce antibodies that fight off the bacteria.

The first vaccine, MPSV4, dates back to 1978 and uses antigens from the bacterium’s outer sugar capsule. The newer MCV4, approved in 2005, employs antigens from the capsule bound to a protein, aiding the immune system in recognizing and combating them.

Are Both Meningococcal Vaccines Equally Effective?

The MCV4, MPSV4, and MenB vaccines are around 85-90% effective in preventing meningococcal disease, guarding against the five common strains in the U.S. Experts generally consider MCV4 to offer better and longer-lasting protection, although there is limited long-term data on its effectiveness.

Who Should Get Which Meningococcal Vaccine and When?

MCV4 is the preferred choice for most, recommended for children aged 11-12 with a booster at 16-18. It’s also advised for college freshmen in dorms, military recruits, individuals with spleen issues or immune deficiencies, travelers to high-risk areas, and those exposed to meningitis.

What Are the Side Effects of the Meningococcal Vaccines?

Most people experience mild reactions like redness or pain at the injection site, which typically disappear within a couple of days. Fever might occur in a small percentage. While there have been rare reports of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) post-MCV4, the connection remains uncertain, with no clear evidence of increased risk compared to the general population.

In essence, while the vaccine might have minimal risks, they’re far outweighed by the dangers of meningococcal disease. Consult your doctor for any concerns regarding the vaccine’s safety and efficacy.

Sources

CDC web site