VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI (VRE)

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Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is a type of bacteria that has become resistant to a powerful antibiotic called vancomycin, making it harder to treat infections. These bacteria normally live in your intestines and genital tract, usually causing no harm. But sometimes they can cause infections, and when they do, vancomycin is typically used to fight them. However, some enterococci bacteria have evolved to withstand this antibiotic, becoming VRE.

How Common is VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI (VRE)?

While not extremely common, around 20,000 people in the US get VRE infections each year, with a death rate of about 10%. Hospitals are high-risk environments for VRE because antibiotics are frequently used there.

Who’s Most at Risk?

Hospital stays increase the chance of getting VRE. This is because antibiotics are commonly used there, and resistant bacteria can spread more easily.

Other risk factors include:

• Recent surgery, especially abdominal or chest
• Long-term antibiotic use
• Using medical devices like catheters
• Weakened immune system
• Being in intensive care or transplant wards

Symptoms and Diagnosis of VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI (VRE)

VRE itself might not cause obvious symptoms. However, it can trigger other infections with symptoms like:

• Urinary tract infection issues
• Bloodstream infection signs
• Wound infection problems

If a doctor suspects VRE, they’ll take a sample and test it in a lab. This test also helps identify the most effective antibiotic to fight it.

Preventing the Spread of VRE

• Cleanliness is Key: Regularly wipe down surfaces in your home, especially bathrooms and counters, to eliminate VRE.
• Handwashing: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet, before preparing food, and especially if you’re in contact with someone who has VRE. Aim for washing for at least the duration of singing “Happy Birthday” twice.
• Wear Gloves: Use gloves when handling bodily fluids (stool, infected wound dressings) that might contain VRE. Always wash your hands after removing gloves.
• Communication in Care Settings: If someone you’re caring for has VRE, inform their healthcare providers so they can take precautions.

Sources:

• CDC: “Healthcare-associated Infections.”
• North Dakota Department of Health: “VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus).”
• Public Health Agency of Canada: “Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).”