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Black Hairy Tongue

Black Hairy Tongue
Black Hairy Tongue

Black Hairy Tongue

by Justina
written by Justina

Black hairy tongue sounds dramatic, but it’s actually a harmless condition. It’s caused by an overgrowth of bacteria or fungus on the tongue, making it appear dark and hairy. The good news? Simple oral hygiene can usually clear it right up.

What Causes Black Hairy Tongue?

Well, it’s all about the bacteria and yeast having a bit too much fun in your mouth. Normally, your tongue’s surface is covered in tiny projections called papillae. These papillae should shed regularly, but when they start growing excessively due to bacterial or yeast buildup, they resemble hair strands. In fact, they can stretch to about 15 times their usual length!

Normally, these papillae have a pinkish-white hue. But as they elongate, they trap pigments from the food and drinks you consume, as well as pigments from the bacteria or yeast themselves, resulting in a colored tongue. While black is the most common color, it can also turn brown, yellow, green, or other shades.

Who is at risk

Certain habits and conditions can increase your risk, including:

  • Poor brushing and flossing
  • Smoking
  • Heavy coffee or tea consumption
  • Antibiotics (which disrupt mouth bacteria)
  • Dehydration
  • Bismuth-containing medications (like Pepto-Bismol)
  • Low saliva production
  • Certain mouthwashes (peroxide, witch hazel, menthol)
  • Head and neck radiation therapy

Men, intravenous drug users, and HIV-positive individuals are also more prone to developing black hairy tongue.

Symptoms

Most people with black hairy tongue don’t experience any discomfort beyond the appearance. However, an overgrowth of Candida albicans yeast can lead to a burning tongue sensation (glossopyrosis). Some may also experience:

  • Tickling in the back of the mouth
  • Metallic taste
  • Nausea
  • Gagging
  • Bad breath

Treatment: Brush it Away!

The best treatment is good oral hygiene:

  • Brush your teeth twice daily with a soft brush, including your tongue.
  • Use a tongue scraper for a deeper clean.
  • Stay hydrated to keep your mouth moist.
  • Eat More Fiber, Coarse foods help naturally clean your tongue.

Bonus Tips:

  • Quit smoking if you do.
  • Increase roughage (fiber-rich) foods in your diet to help clean your tongue naturally.

When to See a Doctor

If home care doesn’t work, see your doctor or dentist. They might prescribe:

  • Antibiotics or Antifungal Medication: To fight the bacteria or yeast overgrowth.
  • Tretinoin (Retin-A): This topical medication can help with stubborn cases.
  • Laser or Electrosurgery: A last resort to remove the overgrown papillae.
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